• At 5-6 Months, the infant begins to recognize shapes, sizes, colors, and numbers;
• he can distinguish between a full and half-full pot of water.
• It surprises a baby when he sees three toys instead of two.
• It is the age of comparing and analytical skills. At this stage, emphasize the number, size, shapes, and color of objects. You can place two balls on a play mat and say, "Alex, let mummy give you one ball out of the two balls."

Your baby at 6-9

• Predicts the events' sequence (like running water means bath time)
• Knows cause and effect (shaking a rattle makes noise)
• Begins classifying things (some toys make noise, others don't).
• Begins to grasp relative size (baby is small, parents are big)
• Learns quantity words (more, bigger, enough)
• He can build buildings (like towers) or nest containers within each other.
• Able to identify the difference between two large sets of toys, even if they have about the same amount of toys. He may notice that a group of 8 toys is different from a group of 10.

Math is everywhere!

You can begin to introduce your 6-9 month baby to the following daily math concepts. Use your target or home language to talk about math concepts at home

At age of 6-9 month, your baby first time encounter such a notion as numeracy, the ability to apply maths concepts in all areas of life.

Numeracy skills involve understanding numbers, counting, solving number problems, measuring, sorting, noticing patterns, adding and subtracting numbers, and so on.

Tips for building numeracy skills

Your baby adores repetition, rhyme, and numbers in stories and songs. Some activities you can do with your baby to help develop numeracy abilities include:

• reading stories with numbers
• counting
• chanting number songs and rhymes
• To convey concepts, change your voice tone - for example, use a big voice to describe something big, or a little voice to describe something small.

These everyday math activities and experiences are best if you make them fun for your child by making them playful and easy.

• Everyday tasks, like, "I'm going to fill up your bath."
• Pay attention to the environment — for instance, 'Take a look at that small bird over there' or 'That is a large dog'
• Food — for instance, 'How about two bananas?' or 'How many apple slices do you want?'
• Time - for instance, '7 p.m., it is time for bed'

Number and operations

—understanding the concept of number, quantity, order, and counting.

• “You have two eyes, and so does your bear. Let’s count:--1, 2.”
• “I have more crackers than you do. See, I have 1, 2, 3, and you have 1, 2. I’m going to eat one of mine. Now I have the same as you!”
• “That’s the third time I’ve heard you say mama. You’ve said mama three times!”

Shapes and spatial relationships (geometry)

—recognizing shapes, understanding the physical relationship between yourself and other objects, and the relationships between objects.

• “Look, Jason went under the climber, and Aliyah is on top!”
• “You’re sitting next to your brother.”
• “Some of the crackers we have today are square, and some are round.”

Measurement

—size, weight, quantity, volume, and time.

• “Moving that chair is hard. It’s heavy.”
• “Your nap lasted a long time today!”
• “Let’s count how many steps it takes to reach the mailbox.”

Patterns, relationships, and change

—recognizing (seeing the relationships that make up a pattern) and/or creating repetitions of objects, events, colors, lines, textures, and sounds; understanding that things change over time and that change can be described with math words. These are the basic building blocks of algebra!

• “Daddy has stripes on his shirt—white, blue, white, blue, white, blue.”
• ”Let’s clap to the beat of this song.”
• “I put the blocks in the bucket; you dump them out. I put the blocks back in the bucket; you dump them out!”
• “Our plant looks taller today. I think it grew overnight.”

Your baby at 9-12

• The baby uses his resources to create a whole from pieces. It is time to bring a simple shape puzzle
• He can build towers from the blocks or nest containers within each other.
• Able to identify the difference between two huge sets of toys, even if they have about the same amount of toys. He may observe that a group of 8 toys is distinct from a group of 10.
• Start matching objects based on the size. Match containers with lids, or one container into another one.

What your baby is ready to do:

• The baby uses his resources to create a whole from pieces. It is time to bring a simple shape puzzle
• He can build towers from the blocks or nest containers within each other.
• Able to identify the difference between two huge sets of toys, even if they have about the same amount of toys. He may observe that a group of 8 toys is distinct from a group of 10.
• Start matching objects based on size. Match containers with lids, or one container into another one.

Measurement

—size, weight, quantity, volume, and time.

Touch.

Your baby uses her senses to learn about size. Let her see and touch a variety of objects of different sizes.

Growth comparison.

Discuss your baby's growth. Mark his height on a growth chart or a doorframe with a pencil. Also, measure family members. Help your child compare his height to other family members and prior measures. Making comparisons will help him acquire measurement abilities.

Compare size.

Measuring cups are perfect for teaching about size. Give your child two cups. Put one inside the other for jim to see, then let him try placing one inside the other by himself. When he figures out how to do it, give him a third cup. Encourage your child to compare and use size and amount words: “Which bowl is bigger?” Or, “Is that cup half-full?” ,“Does it fit?”, “Which bowl is the biggest and what is the smallest?”

Similarities and differences.

Help your child see the similarities and differences in the world around them: You have two different-sized blocks. Say "This block is big and this one is small. But your blocks are the same color. Both blocks are yellow!"

Scaling Up.

Playing with nesting bowls and cups might help your toddler in understanding the connection between different-sized objects.

Top-Bottom, Up & Down.

On the playground, compare your child's use of the equipment: You're at the top of the slide. Wheee! Now you've reached the bottom!

Nature Hunt.

A nature walk is an excellent time to pick up stones, leaves, or sticks from the ground. Compare what you find. In the end, who found the largest stone? Is there a longer stick out there? Place the objects next to each other and let your child figure out which one is bigger.

Stuck Them Up.

This game helps to learn about balance. Save containers you use in your kitchen, such as cereal boxes, egg cartons, milk cartons, juice cans, and plastic bottles. Be sure they don’t have sharp edges. Let your baby experiment with stacking the containers. First show your baby how to build a tower using those containers. When adding one more object say “one more up! It grows.” When it topped over, laugh with him so he understands that it is ok for it to fall down. Don’t forget to sportscast, by saying, “it fell down! It went down!”

Filling it up.

Keep containers of different sizes open so that kid can fill them with different things. Discuss which containers will hold more (sand, water, leaves) and which will hold less. Let her fill, dump, and look around.

Boxes with tops.

This activity also helps to develop hand-eye coordination. Find boxes with tops. Show your baby how to remove the top of the box and then put it back on. Find boxes of different textures and sizes. Boxes makes great replacement for toys and blocks. They are also a great way to teach language. Show your baby how to drop things inside (say and repeat several times “It goes IN! Inside!”) the box and then turn it over (say “It is turned over!”) to retrieve them (the things are OUT! They are outside!).

Find a bell.

It teaches about space orientation, sounds, and colors. Find three identical nontransparent containers with tops (used milk cartons may do the job). Wrap two of them into the same colored tissue paper and the third one in a different color. Place a small bell or another noisemaker inside the third container. Securely seal all the containers. Give your baby a carton and help him to shake it. Say, “It rings and the other one does not ring. The red is jiggling, and the white ones don’t! Where is the red container/ where is the container that giggles? Right! It is red that jiggles”

Count Me In! Learning numbers

Numbers are everywhere

It's natural to use numbers with your child. Help your child comprehend numbers. Show many examples of a number, such as two feet, two socks, and two shoes, and don't forget to use parentese when saying, "You have two lovely eyes! Two small hands and one cute nose!"

Let them watch you

Let your child watch you using math while shopping, cooking, decorating, or paying bills.

Count your child's favorite objects or things

There are a lot of toy cars! How many have you? Count. Take a look!" " Max has the letter "M." How many Ms can you find? Let's check it out!

Encourage your kid to count.

Count the number of toys put in a container, apples bought at the store, stairs climbed, or goodnight kisses given at bedtime. Don't worry if they cannot speak yet, they are learning by observing you

Matching pairs

Socks, gloves, and mittens all come in pairs, and you can count how many pairs there are. A red sock and two red socks. It's a match!

Finger play

Do fingerplays or rhymes with numbers, such I Have Ten Little Fingers or One, Two, Buckle My Shoe.

Numbers hunt

Show your child numbers on the clock, his clothes, books, and food containers. Count exit numbers on the highway.

Explore Senses

Explore different objects and experiences through senses to connect feelings and vocabulary. To develop vision, explore light and colors, hear - music, taste food, touch textures and feel senses. Warm, cool, hot, and cold allow feelings of exploration and perfectly match the child's interest. Sensory experiences are all teachable opportunities for language development

Ice Play.

Indoors or outside, spread a vinyl tablecloth. To play with the ice cubes, put them on the tablecloth and let the baby pick them up, and run after them.

• Begin reciting numerals, skipping some.
• Learn to compare and measure items (under, behind, faster)
• Mix and match simple shapes (triangle to triangle, circle to circle)
• Filling and emptying containers
• Begin seeing patterns in daily routines and everyday objects like floor tiles
• According to some research, a toddler aged 12–14 months can recall if a box held 1, 2, or 3 balls.
• Toddlers can now answer the question “how many?” They can also count their age on their fingers.

TIPS to promote math

• Sing songs or read stories about counting.
• Ask your child “how many” or “what color is this”.
• Always point out shapes.
• Compare size, weight, and distance.

• Scientific inquiry is your child's capacity to use her five senses to examine the environment, relate what she sees to scientific principles, and ask questions. Playing allows your toddler to experience her body and her surroundings. Routines assist her in connecting her body's parts and their functions. She is also gaining an understanding of how the world operates around her. She is willing to take chances and try new things. The new idea sometimes works and sometimes it does not. She may try to paint her hair or put a glove on her foot.

• Laugh with her when her “experiment” fails and rejoice when it succeeds. When she makes mistakes, they help her learn how to solve problems and make her more interested in the world around us. Your youngster is becoming more aware of her surroundings. On hikes, point out the differences and similarities in leaves on bushes and trees. Give her a magnifying glass for bugs, plants, and rocks.

NUMERACY

Your toddler's numeracy, the ability to apply maths concepts in all areas of life, is getting stronger by the end of the second year of life. Numeracy skills involve understanding numbers, counting, solving number problems, measuring, sorting, noticing patterns, adding and subtracting numbers, and so on.

Tips for building numeracy skills

Your baby adores repetition, rhyme, and numbers in stories and songs. Some activities you can do with your baby to help develop numeracy abilities include:

• reading stories with numbers
• counting
• chanting number songs and rhymes
• To convey concepts, change your voice tone - for example, use a big voice to describe something big, or a little voice to describe something small.

You can also discuss:

These everyday math activities and experiences are best if you make them fun for your child by making them playful and easy.

• Everyday tasks, like, "I'm going to fill up your bath."
• The environment — for instance, 'Take a look at that small bird over there' or 'That is a large dog'
• Food — for instance, 'How about two bananas?' or 'How many apple slices do you want?'
• Time - for instance, '7 p.m., it is time for bed'

Numbers and operations

—understanding the concept of number, quantity, order, and counting.

Count Your Step

Is your child a slow stair climber? Encourage him to count! To see how high you can get, count your steps. Soon your toddler will be scrambling for higher numbers (and steps)!

Sing a Counting Song

Like the alphabet song, number songs can help kids memorize numbers. "One, Two, Buckle My Shoe" teaches counting up, while "Five Little Monkeys" teaches counting down. You can even come up with your own song! You can sing numbers 1-10 everywhere – in the car, park, or before bed.

Play "How Many?"

So, next time you're with your child in a crowd, pause and ask, "How many people are there?" Count each person one by one.

PROBLEM-SOLVING

Compare Amounts

Beginning to think mathematically involves making comparisons. If you give your kid two animal crackers and yourself four, your kid will know who has more! Ask him to count blocks in two towers, books in heaps, stickers on a chart, or food on plates throughout the day. Increase his IQ by utilizing "more," "less," and "the same."

Subtraction at Mealtime

Your child is constantly learning subtraction. Consider using mealtimes to initiate exploration. Say: "I see 3 apple pieces. How many if you eat one?" Help her count them after she eats one.

Build a Block Tower

Building with blocks is a fun method to learn addition. Start with one block and keep adding. • "It has how many blocks? How many more if we add one?" Check how high you can go.

Begin with 2

Help your child mentally add and subtract 2's. Hold up a toy (blocks, dolls, etc.) and say "one." Then ask your kid how many if you add another. How many are left if you put one behind you? To help him with his mental math, start by counting together.

PATTERNS, RELATIONSHIPS, AND CHANGE

—recognizing (seeing the relationships that make up a pattern) and/or creating repetitions of objects, events, colors, lines, textures, and sounds; understanding that things change over time and that change can be described with math words. These are the basic building blocks of algebra!

Patterns Dance

This age is ideal for exploring songs that incorporate movement. The Wheels on the Bus is a favorite. If you're feeling brave, create up your own dance to a familiar tune, with rhythms like jump, clap, spin around.

Sticker Patterns

Stickers are an excellent alternative to drawing for young children who lack fine motor skills. A box of foil stars or colorful dots may be a lot of fun. Try red star, blue star, yellow star, etc. As your child places the sticker, have him say the color or form.

Pattern Block Towers

When building a tower with your child, alternate squares and rectangles, or if using colored blocks, alternate colors, such as blue, green, blue, green. Have your child replicate your tower, then try to copy one she makes.

Necklaces with Patterns

Make colorful necklaces using string and fruit-flavored cereal. Begin with something simple, like two colors. Next, add more colors for a broader pattern. Then the fun part: eating patterns!

MEASUREMENT

—size, weight, quantity, volume, and time.

Sort the laundry

Your toddler is not too young to help around the house. Sorting your clothes can be a math lesson. Begin by having him match socks or gather all the towels. When he's ready, ask him to help you sort out who wears what. Classification and sorting skills are important in many areas.

Use Blocks to Sort and Count

Use blocks to sort by size, color, and count each group.

Make a Growth Chart

Children like to see how tall they've grown. Mark your child's height on a wall or growth chart. Check their height every few months. They can compare their height to their siblings or other family members.

Bath Time Measuring and Capacity

Bring several sized plastic cups or containers into the tub to measure capacity. Discuss which container holds the most and least water. Count how many times you have to dump water into the larger container to fill it.

SHAPES AND SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS (GEOMETRY)

—recognizing shapes, understanding the physical relationship between yourself and other objects, and the relationships between objects.

Hopscotch Shape

This is a great rainy-day game. Cut out lots of shapes from construction paper, using the same color for each. Using yellow triangles, red circles, blue squares, and green rectangles. Tape them randomly to the floor. The game starts when you tell your child which shape to stand on. Continue to name the shapes and he'll keep hopping.

Faces Activity for Kids

Art projects allow us to explore shapes. Produce a variety of shapes with construction paper. Make a face out of a paper plate by gluing on the eyes, ears, mouth, and nose. You can construct a face entirely of triangles, circles, or squares, or a mix-and-match face. As you glue the shapes together, name them.

Shape Hunting

Take your child on a walk around your house or neighborhood to find as many shapes as possible. Begin with circles, squares, and triangles. Study how a two-dimensional shape can be a part of a three-dimensional shape (such as a square side of a cube).

SPATIAL SKILLS

—recognizing shapes, understanding the physical relationship between yourself and other objects, and the relationships between objects.

Puzzles

It is one of the easiest ways to get your child to think about spatial relationships at such a young age. You can encourage them to play with puzzles to do this. By moving the pieces to make them fit into a space, your child is learning how to use her sense of space! Young children should start with large pieces that are easy for them to hold and have clear places for the pieces to go. As your child gets better, you can give her more difficult floor puzzles with 12 or more pieces on each side. Use words like "edge" and "corner " as you work together."

Block Towers

Another good way to learn about spatial relationships is to play with blocks. As you work with your child to build towers, use words like "top," "bottom," and "between." Use words like "next to," "in front of," "behind" to make a long train of blocks. You should ask your child to make a block design that looks like yours and then match his.

Dolls' House

Children learn important pretend-play skills when playing with dolls, stuffed animals, or action figures. They also learn to move furniture and put dolls in different places while playing. Make sure you use words like "inside," "outside," and more when talking about what you see with your child. These words will help them understand you better.

MEASUREMENT

—size, weight, quantity, volume, and time.

Sort the laundry

Your toddler is not too young to help around the house. Sorting your clothes can be a math lesson. Begin by having him match socks or gather all the towels. When he's ready, ask him to help you sort out who wears what. Classification and sorting skills are important in many areas.

Learn about math through nature

When you take your kids to the park or on a nature walk, let them pick up intriguing objects like twigs and leaves. Then you'll sort them by type and count them as you go.

Make a Growth Chart

Children like to see how tall they've grown. Mark your child's height on a wall or growth chart. Check their height every few months. They can compare their height to their siblings or other family members.

Talk about Morning, Afternoon, and Night

Your child still doesn't grasp the concept of time. Discuss what you do during these moments. Make a graphic chart of your daily and nightly routines with your toddler. A visual chart of routines can help your child be more coordinated during bedtime transition. Also, draw the attention of the child to the patterns of behavior.

24-30 months 

• The toddler of 24-30 months can recognize shapes in real life and categorize items by color, shape, size, or purpose. They use height, size, or gender classifications to compare and contrast. Moreover, they begin by predicting causality and effect (like what will happen if they drop a toy in a tub full of water)
• A two-year-old can tell how many objects are in a group of three without counting them (e.g., three fingers). Similarly, when he is four years old, he does it for a group of four objects, and when he is five years old, he does it for a group of five items. He can recognize that digits represent numerical names (5 stands for five) and count up to 20 and precisely point out and count things in a group. In addition, he begins to trace or draw specific figures. To put puzzles together and use spatial awareness, he begins constructing shapes from available materials.

30-36 months

• The older toddler may select from various possible solutions to a problem. Because they ask a lot of "Why?" questions now, teaching this question word in all your target languages is an excellent opportunity for language and knowledge development in minority languages
• The older toddler invents and executes a plan to solve basic challenges, such as asking another child for help in transporting a huge teddy bear or using a block or stepstool to reach an item on a higher shelf. These problem-solving attempts are a great way to develop math concepts. Give your child puzzles, toys, and activities that are challenging but achievable. Encourage creativity in the use of materials rather than limiting it. Talk about how your kid came up with a way to deal with a problem
• Also, they can understand the patterns and sequences now, such as putting the rings on a stacking toy in the correct order. To scaffold early math thinking, talk to the older toddler about alternative solutions to a problem and engage her participation (e.g., "We cannot go outdoors today because it is raining. What can we do instead inside? How about dancing music?"). Inspire the older by asking, "What if..."
• The older toddler understands the concepts of one, two, more, and less. Make use of everyday activities as an opportunity to count (for example, "Let's see how many people are here today.") Draw attention to correspondence (e.g., "One cup for you and one for me").
• Continue reading the number books like David Kirk's Miss Spider's Tea Party: The Counting Book or Cathryn Falwell's Feast for 10. Ask your older toddler to point out the numbers in the books.
• The older toddlers sort and match by color, shape, or size. They sort toys into large and small groups. Sort by form, separating circles from triangles. When requested for the big ball, give you the larger of two balls. Assist the older toddler with organizing, sorting, and counting a range of collections (plastic animals and natural objects). Allow older toddlers to manipulate shapes by placing them in the precise spots (i.e., blocks, puzzles, shape sorters). Name the shapes aloud.

MEASUREMENTS

Measure (Big, Bigger, Biggest)

Your child wants to know where he belongs! As he develops his measurement skills, he will need to learn how to make comparisons. Through these early comparisons, he will learn math through everyday encounters.

• Your child uses her senses to discover that some things are smaller and others larger. Let her see and touch a variety of objects.
• Discuss how your child "compares." Mark his height on a growth chart or a doorframe with a pencil. Also, measure family members. Help your youngster compare his height to other family members and prior measures. Making comparisons will help him acquire measurement abilities.
• Help your kid identify similarities and differences: "You have two blocks of varying sizes. These two blocks are different sizes. This one is bigger than this one. But your blocks are identical. They are both yellow!"
• Encouraging comparisons and usage of size and number words. "Which cup is bigger?" Or, "Is that glass empty or full?"
• Playing with nesting bowls and cups teaches your child about the relationship between objects of varying sizes.
• Compare your child's use of the equipment on the playground: “You're at the top of the slide. Wheee! Now you've reached the bottom!”
• Take stones, leaves, or sticks on a walk. Compare your finds. Who got the biggest? Which stick is the longest? Compare the objects and let your toddler decide.
• Offer to fill various-sized containers with different materials like rice, beans, sand, water, and leaves. Discuss which containers will hold more and which will hold less. Let her play and investigate different sizes.
• Your child will love comparing themselves. Challenge her to the longest run, highest jump, or widest smile.

NUMBERS

Count Me In! Learning about Numbers

Math teaches your child about the world. Everyday conversations about numbers will help your toddler learn about quantity, counting, and what numbers represent. At this stage, learning math is about comprehending math principles and the issues math can solve.

• It is natural to use numbers with your child: “You have two lovely eyes!”
• Say numbers in your native/target language. Speak to your child in the language you are most comfortable with.
• Show your child how arithmetic is used to shop, cook, decorate, count money, and pay bills.
• Teach your child to count. Count the number of toys put in a container, apples bought at the store, stairs climbed, or goodnight kisses given at bedtime. Do not worry if she misses a number.
• Show your toddler numbers on the clock, his clothes, books, and food items. Count exit numbers on the roadway.
• Recite number rhymes like I Have Ten Little Fingers or One, Two, Buckle My Shoe.
• Teach your kid about numbers. Show many examples of a number, such as two feet, two socks, and two shoes.
• Cook together from a recipe. As you read it, note the ingredients and quantities. Assign tasks like fetching ingredients to your child: "Two Tomatoes". Count them as she hands them to you.
• Ask your older toddler's help: "We need four spoons. 1, 2, 3, 4, Please put a spoon for each person on the table."
• Count items your youngster likes or recognizes: "Two red socks. It's a match!"

NUMERACY AND COUNTING

It's never too early to teach your child numbers. Early math skills like counting and number recognition are typically best developed in everyday life. These activities will help your kid discover numbers and develop early math skills and concepts.

Use songs and rhymes

Sing - even if it is not your area of expertise! Children can learn to count by singing songs. Do not worry if they pick the same songs over and over. Just as the alphabet song helps kids memorize their letters, number songs can help them memorize numbers in order. Sing tunes like "10 Green Bottles", "1, 2, Buckle My Shoe", and "1, 2, 3, 4, 5, Once I Caught a Fish Alive". Songs like “Five Little Monkeys” can introduce counting down. Make up your own counting song or sing numbers 1-10 everywhere – in the car, in the bath, or before bed.

Observe the numbers around you

Numbers are everywhere, from calendars to telephones to car registration plates. Try pointing out numbers on front doors, signage, buses, and train stations. Early and frequent discussions of numbers will show your child that numbers are part of everyday life.

Read aloud together.

Any book can help children learn early counting and number recognition. Discuss what your child can see on each page. Count the things on the page and compare the counts between pages.

Count everything you can.

Count together and let your kid see and hear you count whenever you can. As your child's confidence improves, start with different numerals — 5, 6, 7, etc. Count real things like your child's toy cars, pencils, shoes, or the steps in your home. Do not worry if your child knows the answer. They can count to check. For each counting activity, try to use only one sort of object, and encourage your kid to touch or pick up each thing as they count it. Ask your kid to arrange silverware or clothes while counting. Count your steps, cars, houses, etc., when you go on a walk.

Count Your Steps

Is your child having a hard time getting up the stairs? You can do some number-crunching to get him going. As you climb it, keep track of your steps. Your child will be scrambling up to higher numbers (and steps) on their own in no time at all.

Get dirty.

Explore the shapes of the numerals with your child. Forming numerals in the sand, chalk on the pavement, or finger paint on paper is a lot of fun. Make numbers using clay. Make numbers out of pasta or beads. Try creating the number with your child's finger. These activities can help your child learn about numerals while having fun!

Math games:

Play these engaging games with your child to help them develop early math skills and confidence. Games are a fun approach to promoting children's learning;

"How Many?"

Next time you're with your child in a crowd, pause and ask, "How many people are there?" Count each person one by one.

"Five Little Monkeys"

can help kids learn how to count down. You can even come up with your own! And you can sing the numbers 1 to 10 anywhere, like in the car, at the park, or before bedtime.

Play a "Number of the Week"

Choose a number to look for each week. Make a treasure hunt of it anywhere around the house, in the street or at the supermarket.

Build a Block Tower.

• When you solve math problems by building things with bricks, you will learn how to do math and a fun method to learn addition.
• Start with one block and keep adding. Ask him: "How many blocks are there? How many will you get if you add one?" See how tall the tower can get! As an example, ask the following questions:
• The number of red bricks: How many blue bricks are there? How many in total?
• Using blocks will also help your child learn how to speak the language of math. As an example:
• Hmm, I wonder which is the longest brick?
• Could you pass me the cube over there?

PROBLEM-SOLVING SKILLS

It is likely that when you hear "math," you think of adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing. In the future, kids will need problem-solving skills and a sense of how many things are. Understanding what numbers mean, how they connect, and how they can be used in the real world is called number sense. When we put cookies in a jar, the amount grows; when we take cookies out of the jar, the amount shrinks (subtraction).

Start with a number.

Help your child think about adding and subtracting with the number 2. In the middle of a game with toys like blocks or dolls, point out one thing. Then, ask your child how many more would be if you added one more thing. How many are there when you put one behind your back? It might take him a while to do the math in his head, so start by counting with him.

Fair Shares

Play a game where you place two toys and a handful of crackers in front of your toddler. Explain that you want him to give each toy the same number of treats. It may require several rounds of explanations, but eventually, if you succeed your child can learn how to count and compare the amounts.

Build a Block Tower.

Building with blocks is an excellent way for you and your child to learn about adding. Begin with one block and add one more. Then ask: "In this tower, how many blocks are there? How many will we have if we add one more person?" Check out how high the tower can go!

Work on Comparing Amounts

Making comparisons is a great way to think about math. If you give your child two animal crackers and yourself four, your child will know which one has more. Ask him to compare the number of blocks in two towers, books in piles, stickers on a chart, or food on plates during the day. The words "more," "less," and "the same" can be used to help him build his brainpower.

Use Subtraction at the Dinner Table:

Your child can learn subtraction during mealtimes. Say something like: "I see you have three banana slices. How many will you have if you eat one?" When she eats one, help her figure out how many are left.

Patterns recognition

There are many ways to look for patterns. Once you start, they will be everywhere. There are patterns in everything from colors to shapes to sounds to dances and even our daily lives! It is easy to see patterns in algebra, so by looking into these ideas now, you will set the stage for bigger math ideas later. It is a good way for young kids to learn simple repeating patterns in a "monkey see, monkey does" way. Your child will be able to copy patterns that you make, and then you will be able to copy your child's patterns.

Make a snack necklace with patterns on them and then eat them.

Make colorful necklaces using string and fruit-flavored cereal. You can start with something simple like two colors that are the same. When your child is ready, you can try more colors to make a bigger picture. Then it's time for the fun part: eating in a certain way.

Dance to the rhythms

This age is ideal for exploring songs that incorporate movement. Some of my favorite songs are "Head, Shoulders, Knees, and Toes," "The Wheels on the Bus," and "Shake It Off." Jump, clap, spin around, then jump, clap, spin around again. You can also make up your dance to a song you know.

Create Sticker Patterns

A great way to make different patterns with stickers is to put them on things, not just one color. Getting a package of foil stars or colorful dots can be a lot of fun. There are a lot of different stars you can try. You can try red stars and blue stars and yellow stars and red stars and blue stars and yellow stars and so on. Do this with each color or shape your child puts down: Make sure your child says it aloud.

Build Pattern Block Towers

Try making a tower out of squares and rectangles the next time you and your child use blocks. If you're using colored blocks, you could make the tower blue and green, then blue and green again. Have your child copy your tower, then try to copy one she makes.

SHAPES

Having a good understanding of shapes helps them learn about geometry, too. Identifying and naming simple shapes is what young children need to do. In three years, young children will have a better understanding of the shapes they see around them. "square," "circle," "triangle," "side," "corner," "curved," "straight." words can help them understand. Counting sides and corners can help them understand the differences between shapes.

Hopscotch Shape.

It is a great rainy-day game. Cut out plenty of shapes from construction paper. Use the same color for one shape (e.g., yellow triangles, red circles, blue squares, and green rectangles). Tape them randomly to the floor. The game begins when you call out the shape your kid should find and stand on. Keep calling shapes out, and he will keep hopping.

Shape Faces

Explore shapes through the art projects. Cut out circles, squares, triangles, and rectangles. Make a face by gluing shapes for the eyes, ears, mouth, and nose on a paper plate. You can make a face entirely out of triangles, circles, or squares, or you can mix and match. Name the shapes as you glue them.

Shape Rocket Ship.

Send farm animal toys to space by building rocket ships out of shapes. Ask your toddler to help you find and put together the right shapes to make the right rocket for each set of animals. You can cut out large shapes from construction paper or use magnetic tiles and build a 3D spaceship.

Shape Hunt

Shapes are all around us. As you and your child walk around your home or the neighborhood, look for as many shapes as you can, draw them into your science journal, show and talk about how a two-dimensional shape can be part of a three-dimensional shape (like a square side of a cube).

Play Shapes Detectives.

Toddlers will love to play this game. ask them to look for a particular shape around them. Compete who is going to do it faster by saying "Who can find a triangle faster?"

SPATIAL SKILLS

When you use spatial reasoning, you connect math to the world around you. This includes reading maps, figuring out symmetry, and making 3D objects. Research shows that spatial reasoning skills are linked to early math success and can "strongly predict" future STEM success later in life. At age two, your child is learning words like "above," "below," "next to," "inside," "outside," and "through." Young children spend most of their day exploring the world. As they do, their spatial skills grow.

Puzzles

It is one of the easiest ways to get your child to think about spatial relationships at such a young age. You can encourage them to play with puzzles to do this. By moving the pieces to make them fit into a space, your child is learning how to use her sense of space! Young children should start with large pieces that are easy for them to hold and have clear places for the pieces to go. As your child gets better, you can give her more difficult floor puzzles with 12 or more pieces on each side. Use words like "edge" and "corner " as you work together."

Block Towers

Another good way to learn about spatial relationships is to play with blocks. As you work with your child to build towers, use words like "top," "bottom," and "between." Use words like "next to," "in front of," "behind" to make a long train of blocks. You should ask your child to make a block design that looks like yours and then match his.

Match Shapes by Using a Block Blueprint

Trace the shapes on the blocks. Then, have your child match the pieces to the shapes.

Build a Playhouse for a Favorite Toy.

Toys, stuffed animals, and other collectibles can benefit from a custom-built structure.

Dolls' House

Children learn important pretend-play skills when playing with dolls, stuffed animals, or action figures. They also learn to move furniture and put dolls in different places while playing. Make sure you use words like "inside," "outside," and more when talking about what you see with your child. These words will help them understand you better.

Make an obstacle course

Using chairs, tables, pillows, and anything else, make an obstacle course inside! Use words like "over," "under," "through," and "around" to describe the route. You will help your child learn how to move around in space and improve their spatial vocabulary at the same time.

Learn with Bathtime Toys

A set of stacking cups can help your toddler learn about manipulating objects. Learning to nest the cups within each other and stack them on the tub's edge requires spatial reasoning. Filling and emptying them with water also helps toddlers develop spatial reasoning motor abilities. It's pure joy!

MEASUREMENT

You can measure everything in the world, from length and height to weight and capacity to money and time. Your child's understanding of measurement starts at age three when they learn new words. Use mathematical terms to describe amounts and sizes, like "tall," "long," or "wide," instead of just "big." You will learn how to do simple things like measure and sort in the future. You can easily fit these into your daily routine. Do not be surprised if your child soon wants to measure everything around them.

Sort the laundry

Your toddler is not too young to help around the house. Sorting your clothes can be a math lesson. Begin by having him match socks or gather all the towels. When he's ready, ask him to help you sort out who wears what. Classification and sorting skills are important in many areas.

Use Blocks to Sort and Count

Use blocks to sort by size, color, and count each group.

Make a Growth Chart

Children like to see how tall they've grown. Mark your child's height on a wall or growth chart. Check their height every few months. They can compare their height to their siblings or other family members.

Bath Time Measuring and Capacity

Bring several sized plastic cups or containers into the tub to measure capacity. Discuss which container holds the most and least water. Count how many times you have to dump water into the larger container to fill it.

Learn about math through nature

When you take your kids to the park or on a nature walk, let them pick up intriguing objects like twigs and leaves. Then you'll sort them by type and count them as you go.

Observe Leaves

Take a nature walk to collect and look at leaves, and then make art with them.

Talk about Morning, Afternoon, and Night

Your child still doesn't grasp the concept of time. Discuss what you do during these moments. Make a graphic chart of your daily and nightly routines with your toddler. A visual chart of routines can help your child be more coordinated during bedtime transition. Also, draw the attention of the child to the patterns of behavior.

Three-year-olds learn best by exploring and using all of their senses. They are insatiably interested, and you may start hearing the classic “Why?” Their vocabulary is growing rapidly, and they enjoy storytelling and imaginative play. Playing helps children focus on what they like and may surprise you with their innovative problem-solving skills!

Tips for building numeracy skills

Your baby adores repetition, rhyme, and numbers in stories and songs. Some activities you can do with your baby to help develop numeracy abilities include:

• reading stories with numbers
• counting
• chanting number songs and rhymes
• To convey concepts, change your voice tone - for example, use a big voice to describe something big, or a little voice to describe something small.

You can also discuss:

These everyday math activities and experiences are best if you make them fun for your child by making them playful and easy.

• Everyday tasks, like, "I'm going to fill up your bath."
• The environment — for instance, 'Take a look at that small bird over there' or 'That is a large dog'
• Food — for instance, 'How about two bananas?' or 'How many apple slices do you want?'
• Time - for instance, '7 p.m., it is time for bed'

NUMBERS AND OPERATIONS

—understanding the concept of number, quantity, order, and counting.

It's never too early to teach numbers. Early math skills like number recognition and counting are typically best developed in everyday life. These activities will help your kid discover numbers and develop early math skills and concepts

Sing a Counting Song

Sing songs and rhymes. Sing - even if it is not your area of expertise! Sing tunes like '10 Green Bottles’, ‘1, 2, Buckle My Shoe’, and '1, 2, 3, 4, 5, Once I Caught a Fish Alive'. Children can learn to count by singing songs. Do not worry if they pick the same songs over and over.

Observe the numbers around you.

Numbers are everywhere, from calendars to telephones to car registration plates. Try pointing out numbers on front doors, signage, buses, and train stations. Early and frequent discussions of numbers will show your child that numbers are part of everyday life. Play a "Number of the Week" is a number that you choose to look for each week. You can look for this number around the house, in the street or at the supermarket.

Read aloud together

Read a book to your kid. However, any book can help children learn early counting and number recognition. Discuss what your preschooler can see on each page. Count the things on the page and compare the counts between pages. Look at the page numbers

Count everything you can

Count together and let your kid see and hear you count whenever you can. As your child's confidence improves, start with different numerals — 5, 6, 7, etc. Count real things like your child's toy cars, pencils, shoes, or the steps in your home. Do not worry if your child knows the answer. They can count to check. For each counting activity, try to use only one sort of object, and encourage your kid to touch or pick up each thing as they count it. Ask your kid to arrange silverware or clothes while counting. Count your steps, cars, houses, etc., when you go on a walk.

Get dirty

Explore the shapes of the numerals with your child. Forming numerals in the sand, chalk on the pavement, or finger paint on paper is a lot of fun. Make numbers using clay. Make numbers out of pasta or beads. Try creating the number with your child's finger. These activities can help your child learn about numerals while having fun!

"How Many?"

Next time you're with your child in a crowd, pause and ask, "How many people are there?" Count each person one by one.

Count Your Steps

Is your child having a hard time getting up the stairs? You can do some number-crunching to get him going. As you climb it, keep track of your steps. Your child will be scrambling up to higher numbers (and steps) on their own in no time at all.

"Five Little Monkeys"

can help kids learn how to count down. You can even come up with your own! And you can sing the numbers 1 to 10 anywhere, like in the car, at the park, or before bedtime.

PROBLEM-SOLVING

It is likely that when you hear "math," you think of adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing. In the future, kids will need problem-solving skills and a sense of how many things are. Understanding what numbers mean, how they connect and how they can be used in the real world is called number sense. When we put cookies in a jar, the amount grows; when we take cookies out of the jar, the amount shrinks (subtraction).

Start with a number.

Help your child think about adding and subtracting with the number 2. In the middle of a game with toys like blocks or dolls, point out that there is one thing. Then, ask your child how many more would be if you added one more thing. How many are there when you put one behind your back? It might take him a while to do the math in his head, so start by counting with him.

Use Subtraction at the Dinner Table

When your child does math, he or she is learning about subtraction all the time. Consider using mealtimes as a way to start looking for new things. "Say something like that: "Three apple slices are on your plate. Is there going to be a lot?" As soon as she eats a piece, help her figure out how many are left.

Fair Shares

Task your preschooler to give each teddy bear the same number of treats. Your child can learn how to count and compare while distributing the treats.

Build a tower of blocks.

Building with blocks is an excellent way for you and your child to learn about adding. Begin with one block and add one more. Then ask: "In this tower, how many blocks are there? How many will we have if we add one more person?" Check out how high the tower can go!

Work on Comparing Amounts

Making comparisons is a great way to start thinking about math. If you give your child two animal crackers and yourself four, your child will know which one has more. Ask him to compare the number of blocks in two towers, books in piles, stickers on a chart, or food on plates during the day. The words "more," "less," and "the same" can be used to help him build his brainpower.

PATTERNS

There are many ways to look for patterns. Once you start, they will be everywhere. There are patterns in everything from colors to shapes to sounds to dances and even our daily lives! It is easy to see patterns in algebra, so by looking into these ideas now, you will set the stage for bigger math ideas later. It is a good way for young kids to learn about simple repeating patterns in a "monkey see, monkey do" way. Your child will be able to copy patterns that you make, and then you will be able to copy your child's patterns.

Create Sticker Patterns

A great way to make different patterns with stickers is to put them on things that are not just one color. Getting a package of foil stars or colorful dots can be a lot of fun. There are a lot of different stars you can try. You can try red stars and blue stars and yellow stars and red stars and blue stars and yellow stars and so on. Do this with each color or shape your child puts down: Make sure your child says it out loud.

Make a snack necklace

Make necklaces with patterns on them and then eat them. Make colorful necklaces using string and fruit-flavored cereal. You can start with something simple like two colors that are the same. When your child is ready, you can try more colors to make a bigger picture. Then it's time for the fun part: eating in a certain way.

Build Pattern Block Towers

Try making a tower out of squares and rectangles the next time you and your child use blocks. If you're using colored blocks, you could make the tower blue and green, then blue and green again. Have your child copy your tower, then try to copy one that she makes.

Dance to the rhythms

This age is ideal for exploring songs that incorporate movement. Some of my favorite songs are "Head, Shoulders, Knees, and Toes," "The Wheels on the Bus," and "Shake It Off." Jump, clap, spin around, then jump, clap, spin around again. You can also make up your own dance to a song you know.

SHAPES

Having a good understanding of shapes helps them learn about geometry, too. Identifying and naming simple shapes is what young children need to do. In three years, young children will have a better understanding of the shapes they see around them. "square," "circle," "triangle," "side," "corner," "curved," and "straight" words can help them understand. Counting sides and corners can help them understand the differences between shapes.

Play Shape Hopscotch

This is a fun game to play indoors on a rainy day. Cut out various shapes from construction paper, using the same color for each one. For example, make yellow triangles, red circles, blue squares, green rectangles, and blue squares in yellow, red, blue, blue, and green. Take the tape and put them on the floor in a random way. The game starts when you tell your child which shape, they should find and stand on. Keep calling shapes, and he will keep hopping.

Funny Faces Activity for Kids

Art projects allow you to explore shapes. Cut out circles, squares, triangles, and rectangles from construction paper. Make a face out of a paper plate by gluing on the eyes, ears, mouth, and nose. You can construct a face entirely of triangles, circles, squares, or a mix-and-match face. As you glue the shapes together, name them.

Use Detective Skills to Discover Shapes.

Investigate the mystery shape as if you were detectives and figure out how to solve it.

Shape Hunting

Shapes are all around us. Take your child on a walk around your house or neighborhood to find as many as you can. Begin with circles, squares, and triangles. Explore how a two-dimensional shape can be a part of a three-dimensional shape (such as a square side of a cube).

SPATIAL SKILLS

When you use spatial reasoning, you connect math to the world around you. This includes skills like reading maps, figuring out symmetry, and making 3D objects. Research shows that spatial reasoning skills are linked to early math success and can "strongly predict" who will go on to work in STEM later in life. At age three, your child is starting to learn words like "above," "below," "next to," "inside," "outside," and "through." Young children spend most of their day exploring the world. As they do, their spatial skills grow.

Do Puzzles

It is one of the easiest ways to get your child to think about spatial relationships at such a young age. You can encourage them to play with puzzles to do this. By moving the pieces to make them fit into a space, your child is learning how to use her sense of space! Young children should start with large pieces that are easy for them to hold and have clear places for the pieces to go. As your child gets better, you can give her more difficult floor puzzles with 12 or more pieces on each side. Use words like "edge" and "corner " as you work together."

Block Towers

Another good way to learn about spatial relationships is to play with blocks. As you work with your child to build towers, use words like "top," "bottom," and "between." Use words like "next to," "in front of," "behind" to make a long train of blocks. You should ask your child to make a block design that looks like yours, and then try to match his.

Make an obstacle course

Using chairs, tables, pillows, and anything else, make an obstacle course inside! Use words like "over," "under," "through," and "around" to describe the route. You will help your child learn how to move around in space and improve their spatial vocabulary at the same time.

Make an obstacle course

Dolls' House. Children learn important pretend-play skills when playing with dolls, stuffed animals, or action figures. They also learn how to move furniture and put dolls in different places while playing. Make sure you use words like "inside," "outside," and more when you talk about what you see with your child. These words will help them understand you better.

Use a Block Blueprint to Match Shapes

Trace the shapes on the blocks. Then, have your child match the pieces to the shapes.

Making a Playhouse for a Favorite Toy.

Toys, stuffed animals, and other collectibles can all benefit from a custom-built structure.

Check this link - Planning and Building a Structure for a Favorite Toy

MEASUREMENT

You can measure everything in the world, from length and height to weight and capacity to money and time. Your child's understanding of measurement starts at age three when he or she starts learning new words. Use mathematical terms to describe amounts and sizes, like "tall," "long," or "wide," instead of just "big." You will learn how to do simple things like measure and sort in the future. You can easily fit these into your daily routine. Do not be surprised if your child soon wants to measure everything around them.

Sort the laundry

Believe it or not, your child is not too young to help out around the house. Incorporate a little math while you are sorting your clothes. You can start by having him match socks or put all the towels together in a single pile. When he is ready, ask him to help you figure out which clothes belong to whom. Classification and sorting skills are fundamental in this and other things.

Use Blocks to Sort and Count

Think outside the box and use your working memory to learn early math skills with this fun block-sorting game. Sorting and Counting with Blocks

Learn about math through nature

When you go to the park or go on a nature walk with your kids, let them pick up things that they find interesting, like twigs and leaves. In the next step, you'll divide them into groups based on type and keep counting as you go. Do not forget to tell people which things should be left alone, such as poisonous plants and small animals or bugs.

Make Leaf Observations on an Autumn Nature Walk.

Take a nature walk to collect and look at leaves, and then make art with them. Make Leaf Observations on an Autumn Nature Walk

Make a Growth Chart

Children enjoy seeing how tall they have grown. On a wall or growth chart, write down your child's height. Take a look at how tall they are every few months. They can compare their height to the height of their siblings or other family members to figure out how tall they are.

Talk about Morning, Afternoon, and Night

There are still many things your child does not understand about time. Then, talk about what you do during these times. Have them help you make a picture chart of your morning and nighttime routines, and then show it to them. Having the pictures to look at might even make bedtime a little easier for them when they know that it will start all over again tomorrow.

• At age of 4, your kid will be introduced to numbers and counting and begin to utilize basic mathematical language. Math games and other fun activities will help kids become interested in math and problem-solving, which will help them become better at them.
• Much of your child's learning will come from observing and discussing math in the world around them, and there are easy things you can do at home to help them along.

Your child will most likely:

• Count reliably with numbers from 1 to 20, put them in order, and say which number is one more or one less than a given number when you are done counting.
• Add and subtract two single-digit numbers using quantities and objects, then count forward or backward.
• Using everyday language, compare and solve problems by talking about things like size and weight and how much space, time, money, and other things they take up.
• Recognize, make, and explain patterns.
• Investigate commonplace items and shapes' features and explain them using mathematical language.
• How to help at home. You do not have to be a math expert to help your child with math! Here are three easy but effective learning activities you can do with your child at home using everyday materials.

NUMERACY AND COUNTING

Numeracy and counting:

Young children learn math through everyday routines and activities before school. They are interested when they see numbers in their environment, like counting blocks or toy automobiles. These tasks lay the groundwork for future math ideas. You may encourage your four-year-enthusiasm old's for math by reading counting books together or noticing numbers at the grocery store.

Practice making numerals.

By investigating the shapes of the numerals, you can assist your child in learning them. You could make numbers in the sand with a stick or make numbers out of clay. Make a list of numbers for your child to copy, and place your hand over theirs to guide them.

Hold their finger and form the number in the air to see if that works. When kids can trace the shape of the numerals, see if they can write numbers on their own and see if they can do it.

Count everything!

Counting is one of the earliest number skills your kid will master. Counting will help kids with all kinds of math challenges as they get older. Make it a goal to count when you are out and about. As an example:

• How many buses have we seen?
• How many bugs are in the garden?
• How many street lamps are there?
• How many squirrels have we spotted thus far?

Play Hopscotch.

Hopscotch is a fun physical game that helps young children learn numbers.

Find Your Home. Numbers are used for both counting and labeling. Teach your child your house number. Take a walkabout your neighborhood and point out the numbers on homes, shops, and signs.

Set the table.

Mealtime is a great time to practice arithmetic skills! Ask your child to arrange the table by counting the forks, plates, and napkins. Instruct her to count as she lays each item out (one fork, two forks, three forks . . .)

"Tough Teens."

Your child may be counting to 20 now. Most kids get stuck at "13, 14, 15, 16" - skipping numbers or rearranging the order. You may aid your youngster by rehearsing these teen numbers and developing a number line for them to visualize.

Count in reverse order from ten.

Like counting up to 10, number songs can help kids count backward. Use a microwave or digital timer to count down the numbers to investigate this subject. Or, pretend to launch rockets with a countdown starting at ten!

PROBLEM-SOLVING SKILLS

Compare Amounts.

Making analogies helps us think mathematically. If you give your kid two animal crackers and yourself four, your kid will know who has more! Ask him to count blocks in two towers, books in heaps, stickers on a chart, or food on plates throughout the day. Use the phrases "more," "less," and "the same" to increase his math thinking skills.

Mealtime Subtraction.

Your child is constantly learning subtraction. Consider using mealtimes to initiate exploration. Say: "I see 3 banana pieces. How many will you get if you eat one?" After she eats one, help her count the leftovers.

Count the Numbers on Your Fingers.

It is a terrific age to teach your child to do math problems with her fingers. Try verbal addition of two numbers under five. "How many bananas would you have if you had two and added two more?" Then model with your fingertips. Always start with simple problems and work your way up.

Build a Block Tower.

• When you solve math problems by building things with bricks, you will learn how to do math and a fun method to learn addition.
• Start with one block and keep adding. Ask him: "How many blocks are there? How many will you get if you add one?" See how tall the tower can get! As an example, ask the following questions:
• The number of red bricks: How many blue bricks are there? How many in total?
• Using blocks will also help your child learn how to speak the language of math. As an example:
• Hmm, I wonder which is the longest brick?
• Could you pass me the cube over there?

PATTERNS RECOGNITION

Patterns are everywhere once you start looking for them. Colors, shapes, noises, dances, and even daily routines all have patterns! Seeing patterns directly translates into algebraic reasoning. Thus, understanding these principles early will prepare you for subsequent math concepts.

Spot patterns

Look for curtains, wallpaper, or clothes that have the same pattern repeatedly. Then, ask your child: Can you see a pattern? Tell me more about it. What will happen next?

• Create patterns using blocks, beads, playing cards, and other household items.
• Encourage your child to continue to extend the pattern.
• Look for patterns in time together (like seasons or months or daily routines) and talk about what you see.
• You could also listen to songs and clap the rhythm to see if there are any patterns there.

Pattern Block Towers.

When building a tower with your child, alternate squares and rectangles, or if using colored blocks, alternate colors, such as purple, yellow, purple, and yellow. Have your kid copy your tower, then try to copy hers.

Patterns Dance.

This age is ideal for exploring songs that incorporate movement. "Head, Shoulders, Knees and Toes" and "The Wheels on the Bus" are favorites. If you feel brave, create your own dance to a familiar tune, with rhythms like jump, clap, and spin around.

Pattern Playdough.

Make colorful balls out of playdough. Play with your child to make patterns of red, yellow, blue, etc. Cover your child's eyes. Remove one ball (leaving an empty space). Ask your child to guess the missing color when he opens his eyes. Help him figure out the pattern by saying it aloud. Guess what is missing next!

Sticker Patterns.

Stickers are an excellent alternative to drawing for young children who lack fine motor skills. A box of stars or colorful dots may be a lot of fun. Try red dot, blue dot, yellow dot, etc. As your child places the sticker, have him name each color or shape.

Pattern Necklaces.

Make colorful necklaces using string and fruit-flavored cereal. Begin with something simple, like two colors. Next, add more colors for a broader pattern. Then the fun part: eating patterns!

SHAPES

Shape knowledge prepares kids for geometry. For young kids, this means recognizing and labeling simple shapes. Four-year-olds develop shape language. Mention "square", "circle", "triangle" etc. to help them grasp. Counting sides and corners might help your youngster in understanding shape distinctions.

Hopscotch Shape.

It is a great rainy-day game. Cut out plenty of shapes from construction paper, all the same color for different shapes. Using yellow triangles, red circles, blue squares, and green rectangles. Tape them randomly to the floor. The game begins when you call out the shape your kid should find and stand on. Keep calling shapes out, and he will keep hopping.

Funny Faces Activity for Kids.

Art projects allow you to explore shapes. Cut out circles, squares, triangles, and rectangles from construction paper. Make a face out of a paper plate by gluing on the eyes, ears, mouth, and nose. You can construct a face entirely of triangles, circles, squares, or a mix-and-match face. As you glue the shapes together, name them.

Spatial sense

Reading maps, comprehending symmetry, and designing 3D objects are all examples of spatial reasoning. Spatial reasoning skills are linked to early math achievement and "strongly predict" future STEM jobs.

Make a 2-D Shape Collage.

Use a journal (if you introduced journaling to your child) or notebook and dedicate a few pages to shape collage. Create a separate page for each of the following shapes: circles, squares, triangles, rectangles, hexagons, and pentagons. Then hunt for examples of each shape in periodicals, books, and images. Cut the shapes out and glue them into your book to make a collage on each page!

Teach Shape and Size Words.

Hearing spatial language helps young children acquire spatial reasoning. Shapes (triangle, square), sizes (tall, wide), shape features (corner, edge), and orientation (above, below, near, between). Help your child by describing daily activities. As in: "I see several round balls on the floor. Place them in this basket."

Do Puzzles.

Playing with puzzles is an excellent method to get your child thinking about spatial relationships at a young age. Your kid uses her spatial sense by manipulating the pieces to fit into a space!

Play Dolls House.

Playing with dolls, stuffed animals or action figures not only teaches crucial pretend play skills but also improves your child's spatial sense. When you tell your child what you see, use words like "inside," "outside," "on," "over," "through," and "below."

Shape Hunting.

Shapes are all around us. Take your child on a walk around your house or neighborhood to find as many as you can. Begin with circles, squares, and triangles. Explore how a two-dimensional shape can be a part of a three-dimensional shape (such as a square side of a cube).

Build Block Towers.

Exploring spatial relations with blocks is also fun. Build towers with your child, using terminology like "top, bottom, and in between." Incorporate "next to," "in front of," and "behind" into a block train.

Symmetrical Painting.

Paint only one side of a folded piece of paper. Fold the paper in half again while the paint is still wet. Unfold it to find an asymmetrical painting!

Practice Rights and Lefts.

Dance the Hokey Pokey with your child to practice his rights and lefts. If he has not yet learned to distinguish his right from his left, tie a piece of yarn around his right hand.

MEASUREMENT

Talk about time.

To learn more about time, talk about when things happen and look at the clock together. It will help lay the groundwork for telling the time in the years to come.

Sort Laundry.

Believe it or not, your child is not too young to help out with some chores around the house! Incorporate a little math learning while sorting laundry. You can start by having him match up socks or put all the towels in one pile. When he’s ready, have him help you by naming which article of clothing belongs to whom. All of this involves the important skills of classification and sorting.

Create a Growth Chart.

Children love to see how tall they've grown. Mark your child's height on a wall or growth chart. Repeat this every few months and note how much taller they are. Compare their height to the height of siblings or other family members.

Explore Math Through Nature.

At the park or during a nature walk, let children collect items that catch their attention, such as twigs, pebbles, and leaves. Then sort them into piles by type, counting together as you do. Be sure to explain which objects should be left alone, such as poisonous plants and small animals or insects.

Practice Measuring and Capacity at Bath Time.

Bring different-size plastic cups or containers into the bathtub to experiment with capacity. Discuss which container holds the most water and which holds the least. Use the smallest container to count how many times you need to dump water into the larger container to fill it up.

At age 5 years kindergartners most likely can

• Add by counting one hand's fingers (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) and starting with 6 on the other.
• Recognize the greater of two numbers and read numerals up to 20.
• Make symmetrical shapes.
• Find a "hidden treasure" using simple maps.
• Learn basic time concepts such as morning and days of the week.
• Follow directions that mention "first" and "next" if they say so.
• Learn the meaning of unlikely and possible.

Math 1 Year: Aged 5–6

• In Year 1, your child will learn how to count and solve problems with numbers, which will help them become more comfortable with numbers. They will also learn about halves and quarters, start to measure and tell the time, and begin to study 2D and 3D shapes.
• Your child will learn to count to 100 both forward and backward, add and subtract numbers to 20. Kids also will discover the initial introduction to the idea of multiplication and division. They will learn how to use tools to solve simple problems like measuring.
• Your child will learn a lot about math by exploring and talking about the math around them. There are simple things you can do at home to help them.

How to help at home

• You don't have to be an expert to help your child with maths or help them learn how to count. If you want to help your child learn at home, try these three simple but effective ideas. You can use things you already have around the house.
• Count the things in your house. Encourage your child to count by pointing to each object and arranging them in a row. Do this when there are more than 10 things. For example, 32 is 3 tens and 2 ones. Count in twos, fives, or tens with pairs of socks, fingers on your hands, or 10p coins.
• Play games with dice. Gather some things, like blocks, buttons, and even biscuits! Using the objects, roll two dice and figure out how many you have. There are many ways to do this. You could start with 12 objects, roll a die, and subtract the number on the dice to find how many objects are left. The person who has more things wins.
• Use toys. Explore fractions with some of your child's favorite things, like teddies or cars. Ask your child to split their toys into two equal parts. You'll need two groups of five cars to get 10. In the same way, you can practice finding one quarter by splitting toys into four equal groups.

NUMBERS AND COUNTING

It is essential for your child to learn numbers and counting. These early math concepts establish the foundation for later math procedures. Kindergarten math is now open to five-year-olds. This age child can count up to twenty and will start applying this information regularly at school. Find ways to practice numbers and counting at home through everyday activities and easy games.

Count Backward from 10

Like counting up to 10, number songs can help kids learn to count backward. To investigate this subject, use a microwave or digital timer to count down the numbers. Or pretend to launch rockets starting at 10!

Dot-to-Dot Activities.

Remember dot-to-dot books? These activities help with number recognition and counting. You may buy a dot-to-dot activity book for a few dollars online, at a dollar store, or you can make your own!

Make a (Little) Mess.

Sensory play can sometimes help reinforce learning. Spread shaving cream on a cookie sheet. Then have your child practice "writing" a number between 0 and 10 in shaving foam. Play the same game with finger paints.

Master the "Tricky Teens"

Your child may be counting to 20 now. Most kids get stuck at "13, 14, 15, 16" - skipping numbers or rearranging the order. Make a number line for your child to visualize the teen numbers in order.

Play Board Games with Dice.

"Subitizing" means counting objects without counting them. Adults can subitize (understand) that there are four persons at a table. However, young children must count them individually. Your child will have a better understanding of this important skill by the age of five. Playing games with places instead of numbers, like Sorry and Monopoly, is a terrific improvement method. Playing with dice will help your child recognize numbers rapidly and improve subitizing skills.

PROBLEM-SOLVING

Kids need problem-solving skills and number sense to tackle elementary math problems and, later, more complex ones. Understanding numbers, their relationships, and how to apply them in real-world situations is known as number sense. Five is an exciting age for math development. School-aged children start with addition and subtraction, then move on to multiplication (through skip counting) and division (in the form of equal shares).

Create Subtraction Stories.

Your child is now learning subtraction, addition, and equal symbols. Makeup subtraction stories with your kid. A narrative like this could help you model the notion, "Five apples lived on a tree branch once upon a time. Then two collapsed, leaving three!" Draw a graphic of the tale and add the number sentence at the bottom — 5 + 2 = 3.

Count on Your Fingers.

This is a great age to teach your child to do math problems with her fingers. Pick a number from 1 to 10. Ask how many more she needs to reach ten. Encourage her to count to ten using her fingers to hold up the first number.

PATTERNS

Write Sound Patterns

Create a sound rhythm with your child, such as clap, clap, stomp, clap, clap, stomp, clap, clap, stomp, etc. Then teach your kid how to write the pattern using colors, such as red circle, red circle, blue circle, etc. Once your child grasps this, have her compose her own sound patterns for you to test!

Weave a Placemat

Some kids learn better with their hands. Make an "over" and "under" placemat with your child. Make 1-inch strips of different colors. Make a checkerboard design by weaving each strip over and under each other. Patterns may be lovely and useful!

Build Pattern Block Towers

When building a tower with your child, alternate squares and rectangles, or if using colored blocks, alternate colors, such as blue, green, blue, and green. Have your child replicate your tower, then try to mimic hers.

SHAPES

Make a Two-Dimensional Shape Book.

Make a construction paper book. Make a page for each shape: circle, square, triangle, rectangle, hexagon, or pentagon. Then hunt for examples of each shape in periodicals, books, and images. To make a collage on each page of your book, cut out the shapes.

Go on a Three-Dimensional Shape Hunt

Three-dimensional shapes are everywhere, but harder to spot than two-dimensional shapes. Find as many three-dimensional shapes as you can while walking around your house or neighborhood with your youngster.

Play with Tangram Puzzles

Tangrams are ancient Chinese puzzle pieces that are wonderful for exploring shape construction and deconstruction! You can either buy them or print and cut them out from paper.

Create Three-Dimensional Shapes with Playdough

Exploring three-dimensional shapes with clay or playdough is fun. Build a cube, a sphere, a cone, a cylinder, and a rectangular prism with your child.

SPATIAL SKILLS

Build a Model

Make a three-dimensional model of your home with recycled bottles, cans, and cartons. It might be a room, a house, a street, or an entire community. This practice combines personal and spatial worlds.

Symmetrical Painting

Paint only one side of a folded piece of paper. Fold the paper in half again while the paint is still wet. Unfold it to find a symmetrical painting!

Create an Obstacle Course

Using chairs, tables, pillows, and anything else you have, create an indoor obstacle course! Use spatial words such as "over," "under," "through" and "around" to explain the route. You will help your child learn how to navigate through space while increasing their spatial vocabulary

Go on a Treasure Hunt

Making and following a treasure map of your living room or backyard will help your youngster transform a two-dimensional bird's-eye view into a three-dimensional reality. Hide an object and mark it on the map with a red X. Then have your kid sketch a map and hide an object for you to find!

MEASUREMENT

Play "Store"

At this age, your child is ready to learn about money. Begin with pennies. Explain that five pennies equal one nickel. Start labeling goods with their prices, like three cents for spaghetti or six cents for a can of soup. He'll try to "shop" for you with his nickels and pennies.

Measuring Temperature

Talk about hot and chilly weather. Discuss what you wear and what you do in each weather condition. Explain how to read an outdoor thermometer. Have your child check the temperature throughout the day and year. Compare the inside and outside temperatures (using your thermostat). Add some geography: utilize weather apps to compare temperatures around the world.

Explore Math Through Nature

Allow children to collect twigs, stones, and leaves when out in the park or on a nature walk. Then arrange them up by type, counting as you go. Be sure to mention dangerous objects like toxic plants and insects that should be avoided.

Guessing Game: Nonstandard Units of Measurement.

It's fun to experiment with nonstandard units of length and height. You may make this with drinking straws, paper clips, Popsicle sticks, Lego pieces, or even gummy worms! Use one of these "units of measurement" to measure things around your house. A chair might be eight straws or forty paper clips tall. Make notes. Test to see whether they can make predictions before measuring once they've gotten the hang of it.

Create a Growth Chart

Kids adore seeing their growth. Keep track of your child's growth. Repeat this every few months and record their growth. Compared to siblings or other family members.